bell hooks, "ethnographic gaze", "an outsider looking in", "does not oppose the way hegemonic whiteness 'represents' blackness but rather assumes an imperial overseeing position that is in no way progressive or counterhegemonic." Judith Butler, "camera itself is empowered as phallic instrument", "the vehicle through which the transubstantiation occurs", "an instrument and effect of lesbian desire", "to enter into a logic of fetishization which installs the ambivalence of that 'performance" as related to our own." 但說實話自己觀影時沒覺得這部的gaze有多problematic/patronizing，神雕侠侣可能因為我本身就是一個凝視這個群體的外人。